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X-WR-CALDESC:Events for Department of Plant Pathology
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DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20260323T161000
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DTSTAMP:20261114T212329
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SUMMARY:Elaine Larsen
DESCRIPTION:Elaine Larsen\nZoom Recording \nFungi as Vectors of Plant-Pathogenic Viruses\nViruses are the most abundant biological entity on Earth\, infecting all cellular organisms across terrestrial and marine ecosystems [1]. Plants are known to be infected by diverse viruses and viroids (i.e.\, virus-like\, unencapsidated\, single-stranded RNA particles) belonging to at least 35 families [2]. Several viral families contain structurally related viruses that infect either plants or fungi (i.e.\, mycoviruses)\, and several viral genera infect both plants and fungi [2]. The majority of research on plant viruses has focused on pathogenic viruses that cause disease in agricultural crops and account for the annual global loss of ca. $30 billion [3]. Plant pathogenic viruses are typically vectored by sap-sucking arthropods [4]\, but the potential for fungi to act as vectors for plant-pathogenic viruses was discovered as early as the 1970s\, when tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was identified in the asexual spores (conidia) of a powdery mildew fungus [2]. Since then\, several plant viruses have been successfully inoculated into fungi and oomycetes\, with some resulting in stable infections [5-8]. Similarly\, studies have shown that viroids can infect yeasts ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae )\, plant-pathogenic filamentous fungi\, and the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans [9-11]. Viroids also have been transmitted successfully between fungal hyphae via hyphal fusion and persist in spores after asexual reproduction [11]. Although plant viruses could exist within fungal cells\, they were not known to undergo replication [2]. However\, it is now recognized that some plant viruses and viroids can replicate within fungal cells\, suggesting that fungi may both vector and amplify viral loads [5-11]. Beyond simply being vectored by fungi\, viruses and viroids can modulate the pathogenicity of infected fungi [2]. In some cases\, the severity of plant disease caused by plant-pathogenic fungi has been shown to either increase or decrease when fungi are infected by plant viruses [7]. While most viroid infections appear to be asymptomatic in fungi\, hop stunt viroid (HSVd) reduced growth and pathogenicity in the plant-pathogenic fungus Valsa mali [11]. Mycoviruses may also reduce the pathogenicity of pathogenic fungi and have been researched as potential biological control agents [2\,12]. Virus-induced hypovirulence has been observed in Cryphonectria parasitica \, the causative agent of chestnut blight\, and Ophiostoma ulmi \, which causes Dutch elm disease [2\,12]. Demonstrating the potential for both pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi to serve as vectors of pathogenic viruses\, a recent study found that fungal endophytes isolated from the leaves of plants exhibiting symptoms of viral infection carried a number of plant-pathogenic viruses [8]. Overall\, the long evolutionary history of close endosymbiotic relationships between plants and fungi—ranging from parasitic to mutualistic interactions—appears to have shaped the evolution\, host specificity\, and transmission of plant viruses [2]. However\, more research is needed to understand the role of pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi in vectoring plant-pathogenic viruses and the implications of fungus-virus interactions on plant disease management.
URL:https://plantpath.wsu.edu/event/elaine-larsen/
LOCATION:Clark 151\, Pullman\, WA
CATEGORIES:2026 Spring Semester
ORGANIZER;CN="Melissa%20Bills":MAILTO:melissa.bills@wsu.edu
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